Not for the faint of art. |
Complex Numbers A complex number is expressed in the standard form a + bi, where a and b are real numbers and i is defined by i^2 = -1 (that is, i is the square root of -1). For example, 3 + 2i is a complex number. The bi term is often referred to as an imaginary number (though this may be misleading, as it is no more "imaginary" than the symbolic abstractions we know as the "real" numbers). Thus, every complex number has a real part, a, and an imaginary part, bi. Complex numbers are often represented on a graph known as the "complex plane," where the horizontal axis represents the infinity of real numbers, and the vertical axis represents the infinity of imaginary numbers. Thus, each complex number has a unique representation on the complex plane: some closer to real; others, more imaginary. If a = b, the number is equal parts real and imaginary. Very simple transformations applied to numbers in the complex plane can lead to fractal structures of enormous intricacy and astonishing beauty. |
The link I'm sharing today from Mental Floss is over 10 years old, published on an April Fools' Day, and really, really short. Which is fine, because I don't have a lot of time before I have to leave for an appointment. I saw the headline and thought, "Is it some reason besides that pranks are jokes put into practice? What have I been getting wrong all my life now? Turns out, nothing. Well, except maybe overestimating the linguistic intelligence of Anglophones. Every year on April Fools Day, you might find yourself the victim of a practical joke or two... No, because I trust no one on that day, and I try to spend it in hiding. I call it Comedy Christmas, but the only gifts I want involve other people pranking other people. A prank pulled on me is, by definition, not funny. But why are these jokes called practical? I think I get the confusion. We use "practically" as a synonym for "almost," and "practical" as a synonym for one sense of "virtual", as in "Her victory was a practical certainty." Look, the biggest prank ever played on us is the English language itself. Prop-based hijinks are called "practical jokes" because they require action—like slipping a Whoopee cushion onto someone’s chair—to be put into "practice." See? I wasn't wrong, after all. Unless this article is a prank. According to the Online Etymology Dictionary, the term was first used in 1804; before that, it was called a "handicraft joke," a term coined in 1741. And it might be less confusing to go back to that nomenclature, except then everyone will expect their pranks to involve knitted fabrics. If that etymology is not a prank, also. "Practical joke" also distinguishes such pranks from strictly verbal or intellectual jokes, such as the one about the Grecian Urn. That's a pun, which is the highest form of humor and definitely intellectual. But it works better in spoken English than written. |