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This week: Action Drives Reactions Edited by: NickiD89  
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| Like many of you, I've considered myself a writer my whole life. But in 2007, I shifted out of hobbyist mode, started writing for an audience, and embarked on the exciting journey towards publication. As I continue on that path and delve ever deeper into the craft, I feed an insatiable appetite for creative writing theory. I seek out how-to books and workshop experiences to augment and amplify whatever talent I possess. For those of you like me, here's a little theory to appease your hunger. |
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Action Drives Reaction
As authors, we strive to draw readers alongside our POV character and into the action of the scene. The goal is to so thoroughly engross readers that they forget they're reading words on a page and begin to watch the compelling scene playing out on the movie screens of their minds.
Achieving this goal begins with an author's understanding of one simple concept: Action drives reactions.
Consider this: In real life, if you bring a hammer down on your finger (action), pain will explode in that digit (reaction). You may yelp (reaction), possibly unleash a string of curse words (reaction), maybe throw the hammer down and clutch the hurt finger (reactions).
Now, if this scenario were to play out on a movie screen, you wouldn't hear the actor yelp in pain before you saw the hammer hit his finger. Nor would you see him clutch his finger and then hear him yelp in pain. Actions and reactions must be in the right order for the scene to come across as realistic.
One of the most common mistakes in fiction writing is presenting the reaction before the action. How many times have you read something like the following?
Pain exploded in Paul's jaw as Jason's powerful punch connected with his face.
Here, the reaction (pain exploded in Paul's jaw) happens before the action (Jason's powerful punch connected with Paul's face). The sequence of action and reaction is out of order.
To better understand why it is crucial to write actions and reactions in sequential order, it helps to recognize that actions are external and objective, while reactions are internal and subjective responses to that action.
To illustrate this theory, let's hone in on the action from the example above:
Jason's powerful punch connected with Paul's face.
Notice that this action is external, as it occurs outside Paul, the POV character. It is also objective, because any character in the room could have seen it happen. This action is the catalyst for the chain of reactions it sets off, so it must come first.
The reaction, however, is internal. The pain exploding in Paul's jaw is felt from the inside. None of the characters present except Paul, the POV knows what the punch feels like, in this moment.
Reactions are also subjective because they are responses to what the POV character perceives, what comes through the filter of his or her awareness. Though his impressions may not match the perceptions of other characters in the scene, they are what motivate his reactions. And the POV character's reactions are the keys to drawing readers inside the POV character's heart and mind, and ultimately into the story, itself.
It's also important to the authenticity and believability of an action scene that certain reactions happen before others. Instantaneous, knee-jerk reactions logically occur before conscious actions and speech. Continuing with our example, Jason has just punched Paul in the jaw:
The immediate, involuntary reaction is the pain shooting through Paul's jaw. A split second later and in response to that pain, Paul's reflexes fire. Very quickly, though, Paul recovers. His rational mind catches up, and he's ready for conscious action and speech. Here's a revised and expanded scene:
Jason's powerful punch connected with Paul's face.
Pain exploded in Paul's jaw. He shook his head in disbelief. As his vision cleared, he looked up through stringy brown hair and smirked. Raising his dukes, he circled Jason. "That it? That all you got, little man?"
Notice that the action is presented in its own paragraph, separated from the reactions in the new paragraph that follows it. This is also important to the logic and comprehension of the scene. The transient pause in narration at the end of the action paragraph allows the reader to absorb the implications of that action, before going on to experience the POV's reactions.
The sequence of actions and reactions is cyclical. When the POV has fully reacted, he will be spurred to further action (which will go in a new paragraph). This action will initiate reactions by the other characters, which in turn will cause them to act, triggering more reactions by the POV, and so on. The sequence of actions and reactions repeats, until the scene ends.
Writing compelling action scenes is a skill that sharpens over time with practice. Writers new to the craft, though, may find that concentrating too hard on theory hinders their creativity. This is a legitimate concern I once shared. I would suggest writing the first draft with unfettered, creative abandon. Then, use the revision phase to scrutinize drafted scenes, correcting wherever the sequences are out of order and the reaction comes before the action. Doing so will strengthen your current manuscript, while honing your writing skills for fiercer first drafts, in the future.
Question For Next Time: What's your all-time favorite book?
Thanks for reading!
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Question For Next Time: What's your all-time favorite book?
Last Month's Question: Have you begun to think about writing goals for 2014? Please share them with us! Here's what readers said:
Elle - on hiatus  -- I've set 'SMART' goals for 2014 (or at least for the first quarter so far) and I'm going to use Rhonda  's new activity to help me achieve them - "Invalid Item" .  I can't wait for a more productive year!
I love, love, LOVE Rhonda 's project! I'm with you, Elle -- and I recommend it to everyone. Go check it out!!
Joshiahis -- Goals? Goals? We don't need no stinkin'... Wait. Yes. I do have a goal- a dream if you will. My goal is to complete "Invalid Item" and get it out there for people to see.
Much respect and well wishes to you! Go achieve that goal!
BIG BAD WOLF is Howling  -- (Submitted item "The Reptilian Chronicles" ) Goal for the year is to simply have fun.
Sounds easy enough...
Quick-Quill  -- I WILL get my novel revised and edited. I WILL find someone to help me through the process of writing a cover letter and query. I WILL have a list of prospective publishers to send it to and I Expect there will be one who loves this story enough to publish it. If not I WILL find someone to help me get it done! I will start on my Christian Romance novel. My pitch seems to be well received.
YES! You will, and you will rock it! Happy 2014, my friend!
Mara ♣ McBain  -- I'm so glad that your fiction might make a return in 2014! You're one of my favorite authors to read.  My goal for 2014 is to continue to build my presence on Amazon. I released 2 books in 2012, 3 in 2013, so shooting for another 4 in 2014! Wish me luck! 
Oh Mara! You have always been the sweetest, most supportive friend! Thank you for your lovely comment, and best of luck with your promotions and sales on Amazon!! 
See you all back here on February 19, 2013. Until then, have a great month!
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Drama: January 22, 2014 Issue [#6119]
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