Not for the faint of art. |
Complex Numbers A complex number is expressed in the standard form a + bi, where a and b are real numbers and i is defined by i^2 = -1 (that is, i is the square root of -1). For example, 3 + 2i is a complex number. The bi term is often referred to as an imaginary number (though this may be misleading, as it is no more "imaginary" than the symbolic abstractions we know as the "real" numbers). Thus, every complex number has a real part, a, and an imaginary part, bi. Complex numbers are often represented on a graph known as the "complex plane," where the horizontal axis represents the infinity of real numbers, and the vertical axis represents the infinity of imaginary numbers. Thus, each complex number has a unique representation on the complex plane: some closer to real; others, more imaginary. If a = b, the number is equal parts real and imaginary. Very simple transformations applied to numbers in the complex plane can lead to fractal structures of enormous intricacy and astonishing beauty. |
It's okay, folks. No need to worry about global warming; we've got the important bit covered: Century-old experiment secures beer and whiskey’s future Genetic insights could help grains endure climate change Thanks to an experiment started before the Great Depression, researchers have pinpointed the genes behind the remarkable adaptability of barley, a key ingredient in beer and whiskey. These insights could ensure the crop’s continued survival amidst rapid climate change. Whew! Coffee and chocolate future still uncertain, but those are less important. Grown everywhere from Asia and Egypt to Norway and the Andes mountains of South America, barley is one of the world’s most important cereal crops and has been for at least 12,000 years. As it has spread across the globe, random changes to its DNA allowed it to survive in each new location. I know it's necessary to summarize for an article, but "random changes" are only one component of adaptability. The article talks about the experiment promised in the headline, and I won't quote it; I have little to say about the details except that it seems legitimate to me. Then, towards the end: Using modern technology like genome engineering and CRISPR, researchers could try to engineer other crops that flower at specific, more advantageous times. And approximately 15 seconds later, someone's going to screech about genetically engineered crops. But the really important quote, they saved for the end: “Barley’s ability to adapt has served as a cornerstone to the development of civilization. Understanding it is important not just to keep making alcoholic beverages, but also for our ability to develop the crops of the future and enhance their ability to adapt as the world changes,” Koenig said. Or, to put it in layman's terms: Beer. Is there anything it can't do? |