Not for the faint of art. |
Complex Numbers A complex number is expressed in the standard form a + bi, where a and b are real numbers and i is defined by i^2 = -1 (that is, i is the square root of -1). For example, 3 + 2i is a complex number. The bi term is often referred to as an imaginary number (though this may be misleading, as it is no more "imaginary" than the symbolic abstractions we know as the "real" numbers). Thus, every complex number has a real part, a, and an imaginary part, bi. Complex numbers are often represented on a graph known as the "complex plane," where the horizontal axis represents the infinity of real numbers, and the vertical axis represents the infinity of imaginary numbers. Thus, each complex number has a unique representation on the complex plane: some closer to real; others, more imaginary. If a = b, the number is equal parts real and imaginary. Very simple transformations applied to numbers in the complex plane can lead to fractal structures of enormous intricacy and astonishing beauty. |
Damn, people in the past sure had barbaric ideas about things like medicine... and punishment. I'm hereby calling dibs on Victorian Crank Machine for my steampunk band. In the grim confines of 19th century British prisons, wardens sought ever more sadistic ways to punish inmates through forced labor. Gosh, this never happens today. One diabolical device they landed on was the crank machine. Another was the treadmill, which you've probably used voluntarily at least once in your life. The crank was a hand-powered rotary mechanism that served no purpose other than to torment prisoners. Locked in isolated cells, inmates had to turn a crank handle connected to paddles that churned sand inside a box. The only output was soul-crushing tedium. If this happened in the US, I'd blame someone taking seriously the specious claim that "idle hands do the Devil's work." I don't know; maybe enough religious nutbars stayed in the UK for it to be true there, too. Also... let's pretend for a moment that it did serve some purpose, like, I don't know, turning wheat into flour or running a coal conveyor or the urchin grinder, or whatever else the Victorians needed done. Would that have made it somehow better? To earn basic sustenance like food and water, prisoners were expected to complete a 10,000-14,000 revolutions per day on the crank, often working late into the night by candlelight if they fell behind quota. I guess this was before the lightbulb was invented, or they could have used the power to keep the bulb lit. Maybe; I didn't do the math. But regardless, why would someone need light to do this task? Mercifully, the crank machine faded from use by the early 20th century as more humane concepts of rehabilitation took hold. I suspect the phrase "more humane" is relative. One wonders what punishments of today will be looked back on in a century with great disgust. |