Fantasy
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Witch One: Thrice the brinded cat hath mew'd
Witch Two: Thrice and once the Hedge-pig whin'd
Witch Three: Harpier cries: ‘tis time! ‘tis time!
~ The Witches Spell, Macbeth, Act IV, scene 1 - William Shakespeare (1606)
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The introduction to this newsletter is the opening lines of what is probably the most famous spell in literature. The remainder of the spell is contained in this newsletter, which concludes the issue of "spells in fantasy writing", detailed in "Fantasy Newsletter (March 26, 2008)" .
As explained in the previous newsletter, magic and spells needs to be used with great caution in fantasy writing. When gifting your fantasy world with magic it needs to fit with your characters and their environment. Consider the context in which you apply magic very carefully. Casting a spell simply to get a character out of a tight situation will make your readers feel betrayed. Magic is a tool for a fantasy writer, and when properly applied can greatly enhance your story.
Setting the Scene
Nature and the surroundings can play a very effective role for casting a spell. Nature is full of elements that can be put to good use, not only to aid in giving your readers visual imagery but also to be included as part of the spell. Perhaps the spell will only work when there's a thunderstorm... or at one of the specific phases of the moon... or when the planets are in a particular alignment... or during a solar or lunar eclipse... or in a cave facing north... or when a specific plant that only blooms once a year for a few hour opens its petals. Macbeth's spell sets the scene in the first three lines, indicating this is a spell to be performed when certain situations are in place. The sounds of three different animals - a cat, a young hedgehog and an owl - indicate the time is right for the spell to begin. These animals were not chosen at random - each one is a witch's familiar
an animal-shaped spirit serving a witch, demon or magic-related being |
. Nature is a great aid to any character casting a spell, so use your imagination!
Ingredients
Round about the caldron go;
In the poison'd entrails throw.-
Toad, that under cold stone,
Days and nights has thirty-one;
Swelter'd venom sleeping got,
Boil thou first i' the charmed pot!
400 years ago people were extremely superstitious, and anyone involved in magic was usually feared. A large part of this fear could be attributed to the items traditionally used to cast a spell. In this verse the first witch adds entrails from a poisoned creature, a toad and venom. It would also seem she's stirring the foul mixture. Any writer could expand upon these ingredients, and make them a part of the story. Toads, cats, snakes and bats are favourite animals for use in spells, and sometimes it's not necessary to use the entire animal. This witch has used a snake's venom, and there's a good chance she's got the unfortunate reptile's skin in her pantry. She might not have killed the snake either - perhaps it's a familiar and she keeps it for its venom and collected its shedded skin. The poisoned entrails could become part of the story - who/what did they come from? African and voodoo mythology could be a great source of inspiration for spell ingredients. Pieces of hair, fingernail clippings, an item of clothing, a special cloth... the list is endless.
Rhyming and Incantation
Fillet of a fenny snake,
In the caldron boil and bake;
Eye of newt, and toe of frog,
Wool of bat, and tongue of dog,
Adder's fork, and blind-worm's sting,
Lizard's leg, and owlet's wing,-
For a charm of powerful trouble,
Like a hell-broth boil and bubble.
The second witch casts a few more creature parts into the cauldron, while making use of some very effective rhyming as she chants the spell. Perhaps a spell needs to be spoken, written or even thought in a specific way for it to be effective. Rhyming is probably the most famous format for use when casting a spell - if you've ever watched the television series "Charmed" you may recall how the sisters used to apply rhyming to their spells. If the spell was made in haste the rhyming was often amusing. Words are an important part of a spell; using the wrong rhyming word might give a different result to the one for which the spell is intended... a situation that could provide an interesting scenario in any fantasy story. And spells are not restricted to poetic incantations. Perhaps a spell could contain names relative to the spell: several sentences, each containing a reference to one member of a group of animals (as above), herbs ( parsley, sage, rosemary and thyme), colours (red and yellow and pink and blue), gemstones or even supernatural beings.
Power Raising
Scale of dragon; tooth of wolf;
Witches' mummy; maw and gulf
Of the ravin'd salt-sea shark;
Root of hemlock digg'd i the dark;
Liver of blaspheming Jew;
Gall of goat, and slips of yew
Sliver'd in the moon's eclipse;
Nose of Turk, and Tartar's lips;
Finger of birth-strangled babe
Ditch-deliver'd by a drab,-
Make the gruel thick and slab:
Add thereto a tiger's chaudron,
For the ingredients of our caldron
While stirring the foul brew the third witch lists her contribution to the recipe. The play describes the witches circling the boiling cauldron while chanting the spell, and later in this scene they dance before they disappear. Physical actions performed while casting a spell are called "power raising". While the individual casting the spell may be required to simply stand and speak the words, perhaps the spell requires others to perform some kind of activity, such as swaying or repeating a sound or humming or perhaps walking in a single direction. A wand or staff could be brought into play, and used to direct those assisting with the spell, or perhaps pointing in a specific direction or at a certain target. Perhaps a tune could be played upon a magical flute, or maybe there's a short song to accompany the spell. Another option is the creation of a specific symbol to complete the spell, and this could be carved into a hard substance such as rock with a magical pencil... the possibilities are endless, and the only limitation is the writer's imagination.
Remember...
While researching this newsletter I came across a couple of phrases to apply when casting a spell, and you might want to consider using them if the character casting or using the spell is a heroic type. As discussed in the last newsletter there's a price to be paid when using magic, so great caution should be exercised by your characters. One example I found was from a girl who cast a spell to get a few days off work - she got her wish when she broke her leg and was off work for three months! The following phrases are supposed to enhance the spell without granting the wish at another's expense:
For the good of all.
This or something better comes to me.
A variation on both those themes could prove useful for your character's spell. Another point to remember is your character's intellect; do not allow him/her to use words he/she might not understand or know. A high priest/ess, witch or wizard will have far greater command and control of the magical arts than one of their apprentices, a fairy or a goblin.
Use positives when casting a spell. Don't use words like "I don't want to be sick anymore" and have your character's health immediately restored. Spells should be viewed as affirmations with images and symbols, so the spell needs to reflect this as well as a positive attitude and faith in magic. Suggested wording: "I am healthy, I am strong, all of the day and all night long."
In conclusion, these are the final lines of the Macbeth witches' spell. In deference to Mr Shakespeare I should point out the first two lines are spoken at the end of each witch's "list":
Double, double toil and trouble;
Fire burn, and caldron bubble.
Cool it with a baboon's blood,
Then the charm is firm and good.
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faithjourney
Thanks for your newsletter on spells. I think the most realistic use of spells I've seen was in Eragon, where the writer actually has the characters explain that using magic requires strength and energy (think of how Eragon fainted after casting his first spell - to me, that was realistic). So whoever has built up more strength has a greater use of magic. It makes the whole story much more interesting. Now the protagonist must grow up and grow stronger to take on the villains successfully. Thanks for pointing out these great tips!
I love that film! And you are so right - the physical demands of casting a spell can drain a character and add a wonderful dimension to your story. Thank you for sharing this great hint with us.
larryp
Hi Sarah
I am 'spell'bound by your newsletter.
You have given some valuable information here regarding the use of spells and spell-casting. Maintaining balance of power creates very interesting stories. I like this thought.
I guess the true magic for me would be to actually write in the fantasy genre, it may require a bit of spell-casting, but I enjoy reading your informative newsletters.
Thank you for the encouragement, Larry. Balance of power is indeed vital to application of spells and magic in fantasy writing. And faith - the character needs to have faith that the spell will work. Words alone are not enough. Spells must come from within.
Sweet Musings
Hi Sarah! This is an outstanding newsletter and the timing couldn't be better. In my current project my Bad Guy Wizard has been driven insane by his black magic. He is in the process of gathering the ingredients to release an evil spirit and it is going to zap his strength and I am not sure if the spirit will take over his body or not. Great newsletter.
Glad I was able to help! Your story sounds excellent, and I think you have a practical and sensible attitude towards the application of magic by your characters.
Cyanvia
Hi Sarah! Thanks for another great newsletter from you :D! Right now I'm creating a story that use magic and spells and your newsletter are just in time before I finish it! I agree with the rules of magic and spells but sometimes it's can be hard and confusing to create even one rules >_<! Do you have any tips?
Once again, thanks a lot for your newsletter! I'll be waiting for your next newsletter!
Thank you for the compliments - I'm pleased I was able to help! There are a few tips in this newsletter, so I hope you find them useful. One rule to bear in mind: your characters should be careful what they wish for, because the wish may be granted in an unexpected way...
AliceNgoreland
Magic in its many forms, has long been an interest of mine. I love stories that use it. I am sure it harkens back to my want to make things happen. Truth is I am lazy. I wish I could have magic do my housework, another to go to school, a couple more to write the back of stories I have tucked away.
What a wonderful article. When next I write a story containing magic, I shall look at your article and pull from it. I am sure my story will be all the better for it.
Thank for the hard work.
Thank you for the kind words - much appreciated. I wouldn't mind some magic to help me with ironing... or to fix up my garden lawn instantly without having to wait for the grass seeds to germinate!
JJ
On the concept that magic and spells must have rules, when different races or different "magical classes" of beings use the same magic, different rules may apply. For example, an immortal race of beings created to protect plantlife may be able to use spells that accelerate tree growth at little to no cost, whilst humans that have been taught may only have the capacity to perform a spell occasionally, before becoming fatigued, or may need the assistance of another human, or even a group of humans.
Perhaps, some races can use certain forms of magic while other races cannot, or perhaps one race must somehow obtain the essence of a being of another race.
Even more complicated, perhaps different forms of magic have different effects - for example, excessive use of "dark" spells can deform the spellcaster, while healing spells may cost the spellcaster, and/or the person being healed, physical energy. Or maybe these spells could have different effects on different races of people.
You have raised some excellent points here, and I know anyone reading these comments will find your words helpful. Thank you very much for your contribution.
Chewie Kittie
Excellent topic, Sarah! Spells are often difficult. Many times you can pick a new writer off the shelves because they've violated one of the laws you outlined. As a reader I always feel as if I've caught the writer cheating.
Oh I agree with you! I can't bear stories when a simple incantation solves all problems - what's the point of writing the story if a spell can solve everything? Nice to hear from you, T!
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